Edmund Burke

Statesman and philosopher, 1729-1797

Cited as Burke. — 404 quotations

Abandonment

The abandonment of the independence of Europe.

Abdicate

He abdicates all right to be his own governor.
Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for the monarchy.

Abhorrent

The persons most abhorrent from blood and treason.

Abrogate

Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not alter or abrogate.

Abyss

In unfathomable abysses of disgrace.

Action

The Euripus of funds and actions.

Adjutancy

It was, no doubt, disposed with all the adjutancy of definition and division.

Adulatory

A mere rant of adulatory freedom.

Adventitious

To things of great dimensions, if we annex an adventitious idea of terror, they become without comparison greater.

Advocate

This is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated.

Aggregation

A nation is not an idea only of local extent and individual momentary aggregation, but . . . of continuity, which extends in time as well as in numbers, and in space.

Agrarian

His Grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to an agrarian experiment.

Alchemistic

Metaphysical and alchemistical legislators.

Alternative

There is something else than the mere alternative of absolute destruction or unreformed existence.

Amalgama

They divided this their amalgama into a number of incoherent republics.

Amalgamate

Ingratitude is indeed their four cardinal virtues compacted and amalgamated into one.

Ambition

The pitiful ambition of possessing five or six thousand more acres.

Anglican

Whether Catholics, Anglicans, or Calvinists.

Annals

It was one of the most critical periods in our annals.

Annul

Do they mean to annul laws of inestimable value to our liberties?

Anodyne

The anodyne draught of oblivion.

Anomaly

We are enabled to unite into a consistent whole the various anomalies and contending principles that are found in the minds and affairs of men.

Ape

The people of England will not ape the fashions they have never tried.

Approximate

To approximate the inequality of riches to the level of nature.

Apt

They have always apt instruments.

Ascertainment

The positive ascertainment of its limits.

Assort

They appear . . . no ways assorted to those with whom they must associate.

Assuage

To assuage the sorrows of a desolate old man

August

So beautiful and so august a spectacle.

Auspicate

They auspicate all their proceedings.

Authenticate

The king serves only as a notary to authenticate the choice of judges.

Backstairs

A backstairs influence.

Barbarize

The hideous changes which have barbarized France.

Barter

The spirit of huckstering and barter.

Bayonet

To bayonet us into submission.

Beautify

The arts that beautify and polish life.

Bemire

Bemired and benighted in the dog.

Benefit

Men have no right to what is not for their benefit.

Betake

They betook themselves to treaty and submission.

Bluster

Your ministerial directors blustered like tragic tyrants.

Bolt

The report of the committee was examined and sifted and bolted to the bran.

Bombard

Next, she means to bombard Naples.

Bombastic

A theatrical, bombastic, windy phraseology.

Bond

A people with whom I have no tie but the common bond of mankind.

Bridle

Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her hands to bridle Switzerland, are in that consolidation.

Broil

I will own that there is a haughtiness and fierceness in human nature which will which will cause innumerable broils, place men in what situation you please.

Buffet

Those planks of tough and hardy oak that used for yeas to brave the buffets of the Bay of Biscay.

Buoy

Those old prejudices, which buoy up the ponderous mass of his nobility, wealth, and title.

Burlesque

Who is it that admires, and from the heart is attached to, national representative assemblies, but must turn with horror and disgust from such a profane burlesque and abominable perversion of that sacred institute?

Burrow

Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into day upon one point, are sure to burrow in another.

Buttress

To set it upright again, and to prop and buttress it up for duration.

Calamity

The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise.

Calculative

Long habits of calculative dealings.

Calculator

Ambition is no exact calculator.

Canvass

No previous canvass was made for me.

Capitalist

The expenditure of the capitalist.

Captive

Their inhabitans slaughtered and captived.

Cause

The part they take against me is from zeal to the cause.

Channel

At best, he is but a channel to convey to the National assembly such matter as may import that body to know.

Chastiser

The chastiser of the rich.

Check

So many clogs to check and retard the headlong course of violence and oppression.

Cherish

To cherish virtue and humanity.

Chicane

To shuffle from them by chicane.

Clan

The whole clan of the enlightened among us.

Clerk

He was no great clerk, but he was perfectly well versed in the interests of Europe.

Cliental

A dependent and cliental relation.

climb-down

I should hardly yield my rigid fibers to be regenerated by them; nor begin, in my grand climacteric, to squall in their new accents, or to stammer, in my second cradle, the elemental sounds of their barbarous metaphysics.

Clog

All the ancient, honest, juridical principles and institutions of England are so many clogs to check and retard the headlong course of violence and opression.

Coalite

Time has by degrees blended . . . and coalited the conquered with the conquerors.

Coarseness

A coarseness and vulgarity in all the proceedings.

Cockade

Seduced by military liveries and cockades.

Cohere

They have been inserted where they best seemed to cohere.

Cold

No cold relation is a zealous citizen.

Collude

If they let things take their course, they will be represented as colluding with sedition.

Commemoration

The commonwealth which . . . chooses the most flagrant act of murderous regicide treason for a feast of eternal commemoration.

Commonage

The claim of commonage . . . in most of the forests.

Commutative

Rich traders, from their success, are presumed . . . to have cultivated an habitual regard to commutative justice.

Compensation

No pecuniary compensation can possibly reward them.

Competence

The loan demonstrates, in regard to instrumental resources, the competency of this kingdom to the assertion of the common cause.
To make them act zealously is not in the competence of law.

Complacent

They look up with a sort of complacent awe . . . to kings.

Complexional

A moral rather than a complexional timidity.

Complexionally

Though corruptible, not complexionally vicious.

Complexity

The objects of society are of the greatest possible complexity.

Comport

Observe how Lord Somers . . . comported himself.

Compromise

All government, indeed every human benefit and enjoyment, every virtue and every prudent act, is founded on compromise and barter.

Compulsory

This contribution threatening to fall infinitely short of their hopes, they soon made it compulsory.

Con

I did not come into Parliament to con my lesson.

Concede

We concede that their citizens were those who lived under different forms.
I wished you to concede to America, at a time when she prayed concession at our feet.

Concert

A commander had more trouble to concert his defense before the people than to plan . . . the campaign.

Conciliation

The house has gone further; it has declared conciliation admissible previous to any submission on the part of America.

Concurrence

An instinct that works us to its own purposes without our concurrence.

Conduit

This is the fountain of all those bitter waters, of which, through a hundred different conduits, we have drunk.

Connive

In many of these, the directors were heartily concurring; in most of them, they were encouraging, and sometimes commanding; in all they were conniving.

Conservation

A state without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation.

Consignment

To increase your consignments of this valuable branch of national commerce.

Consolatory

The punishment of tyrants is a noble and awful act of justice; and it has with truth been said to be consolatory to the human mind.

Consumption

Every new advance of the price to the consumer is a new incentive to him to retrench the quality of his consumption.

Contemptible

The arguments of tyranny are ascontemptible as its force is dreadful.

Content

Supposing the number of “Contents” and “Not contents” strictly equal in number and consequence.

Contingent

Weighing so much actual crime against so much contingent advantage.

Contortion

All the contortions of the sibyl, without the inspiration.

Contraband

Persons the most bound in duty to prevent contraband, and the most interested in the seizures.
The contraband will always keep pace, in some measure, with the fair trade.

Contradiction

We state our experience and then we come to a manly resolution of acting in contradiction to it.

Contribute

We are engaged in war; the secretary of state calls upon the colonies to contribute.

Contrivance

Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants.

Contumely

Nothing aggravates tyranny so much as contumely.

Convertibility

The mutual convertibility of land into money, and of money into land.

Convulsive

An irregular, convulsive movement may be necessary to throw off an irregular, convulsive disease.

Corruptible

They systematically corrupt very corruptible race.

Cowardly

The cowardly rashness of those who dare not look danger in the face.

Cramp

The . . . fabric of universal justic is well cramped and bolted together in all its parts.

Criminate

To criminate, with the heavy and ungrounded charge of disloyalty and disaffection, an uncorrupt, independent, and reforming parliament.

Critical

Our circumstances are indeed critical.

Croise

The conquests of the croises extending over Palestine.

Cultivate

I ever looked on Lord Keppel as one of the greatest and best men of his age; and I loved and cultivated him accordingly.

Cycle

Wages . . . bear a full proportion . . . to the medium of provision during the last bad cycle of twenty years.

Debauch

Learning not debauched by ambition.

Debauchery

The republic of Paris will endeavor to complete the debauchery of the army.

Decency

Observances of time, place, and of decency in general.

decent

A decent retreat in the mutability of human affairs.

decollate

The decollated head of St. John the Baptist.

Defalcate

To show what may be practicably and safely defalcated from them [the estimates].

defy

I defy the enemies of our constitution to show the contrary.

Delude

To delude the nation by an airy phantom.

Demarcation

The speculative line of demarcation, where obedience ought to end and resistance must begin, is faint, obscure, and not easily definable.

Demerit

They see no merit or demerit in any man or any action.

Denomination

Those [qualities] which are classed under the denomination of sublime.

Denunciate

To denunciate this new work.

Depend

You will not think it unnatural that those who have an object depending, which strongly engages their hopes and fears, should be somewhat inclined to superstition.

Dependence

Reduced to a servile dependence on their mercy.

Deplorable

Individual sufferers are in a much more deplorable conditious than any others.

Depreciate

To prove that the Americans ought not to be free, we are obliged to depreciate the value of freedom itself.

Derelict

They easily prevailed, so as to seize upon the vacant, unoccupied, and derelict minds of his [Chatham's] friends; and instantly they turned the vessel wholly out of the course of his policy.

Dereliction

Cession or dereliction, actual or tacit, of other powers.

Derogate

It derogates little from his fortitude, while it adds infinitely to the honor of his humanity.

Descendant

The descendant of so many kings and emperors.

Deserve

Encouragement is not held out to things that deserve reprehension.

Design

Ask of politicians the end for which laws were originally designed.

Destitute

Totally destitute of all shadow of influence.

Detect

Plain good intention . . . is as easily discovered at the first view, as fraud is surely detected at last.

Detestation

We are heartily agreed in our detestation of civil war.

Devolve

They devolved a considerable share of their power upon their favorite.

Diffusion

A diffusion of knowledge which has undermined superstition.

Digest

They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy, called the Rights of Man.

Dilapidation

Tell the people that are relived by the dilapidation of their public estate.

Directorial

Whoever goes to the directorial presence under this passport.

Disadvantage

I was brought here under the disadvantage of being unknown by sight to any of you.

Disapprobation

We have ever expressed the most unqualified disapprobation of all the steps.

Disconnect

The commonwealth itself would . . . be disconnected into the dust and powder of individuality.

Disconnection

Nothing was therefore to be left in all the subordinate members but weakness, disconnection, and confusion.

Discord

Peace to arise out of universal discord fomented in all parts of the empire.

Disgustful

That horrible and disgustful situation.

Disobedient

This disobedient spirit in the colonies.

Disorder

Disordering the whole frame or jurisprudence.

Dispensation

To respect the dispensations of Providence.

Display

His statement . . . displays very clearly the actual condition of the army.

Displume

Displumed, degraded, and metamorphosed.

Disposable

The great of this kingdom . . . has easily afforded a disposable surplus.

Disrelish

Men love to hear of their power, but have an extreme disrelish to be told of their duty.

Dissent

It is the dissidence of dissent and the protestantism of the Protestant religion.

Dissenter

Dissenters from the establishment of their several countries.

Dissidence

It is the dissidence of dissent.

Dissociation

It will add infinitely dissociation, distraction, and confusion of these confederate republics.

Disturb

The utmost which the discontented colonies could do, was to disturb authority.

Disturbance

Any man . . . in a state of disturbance and irritation.

Domination

In such a people, the haughtiness of domination combines with the spirit of freedom.

Dormancy

It is by lying dormant a long time, or being . . . very rarely exercised, that arbitrary power steals upon a people.

Dovetail

He put together a piece of joinery so crossly indented and whimsically dovetailed . . . that it was indeed a very curious show.

Drapery

All the decent drapery of life is to be rudely torn off.

draw

We do not draw the moral lessons we might from history.

Dribblet

When made up in dribblets, as they could, their best securities were at an interest of twelve per cent.

duplicity

Far from the duplicity wickedly charged on him, he acted his part with alacrity and resolution.

Duress

The agreements . . . made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effect of duress and force.

Early

Early and provident fear is the mother of safety.

Earn

The bread I have earned by the hazard of my life or the sweat of my brow.

Earning

As to the common people, their stock is in their persons and in their earnings.

Easement

In need of every kind of relief and easement.

Effete

If they find the old governments effete, worn out, . . . they may seek new ones.

Elector

In favor of the electoral and other princes.

Eligible

The more eligible of the two evils.

Embody

Firmly to embody against this court party.

Emerge

Those who have emerged from very low, some from the lowest, classes of society.

Emergent

Protection granted in emergent danger.

Eminence

The temple of honor ought to be seated on an eminence.

Endanger

All the other difficulties of his reign only exercised without endangering him.

Enforce

Enforcing sentiment of the thrust humanity.

Equalization

Their equalization with the rest of their fellow subjects.

Equipoise

The means of preserving the equipoise and the tranquillity of the commonwealth.

Escort

The troops of my escort marched at the ordinary rate.

Establish

The best established tempers can scarcely forbear being borne down.

Evacuate

The Norwegians were forced to evacuate the country.

Executory

The official and executory duties of government.

Expatriate

The expatriated landed interest of France.

Expenditure

Our expenditure purchased commerce and conquest.

Expensive

War is expensive, and peace desirable.

Explicable

It is not explicable upon any grounds.

Explode

Old exploded contrivances of mercantile fraud.

Facility

The facility with which government has been overturned in France.

Factious

Headlong zeal or factious fury.

Famish

He had famished Paris into a surrender.

Farm

The province was devided into twelve farms.
To farm their subjects and their duties toward these.

Fast

There is an order that keeps things fast.

Favorable

The favorableness of the present times to all exertions in the cause of liberty.

Feasible

Always existing before their eyes as a thing feasible in practice.

Feel

[She] feels with the dignity of a Roman matron.

Fit

The time is fitted for the duty.

Flashy

A temper always flashy.

Flattery

Flattery corrupts both the receiver and the giver.

Flippant

A sort of flippant, vain discourse.

Forefather

Respecting your forefathers, you would have been taught to respect yourselves.

Foresight

A random expense, without plan or foresight.

Forfeit

[They] had forfeited their property by their crimes.

Form

The diplomatic politicians . . . who formed by far the majority.

Fortition

No mode of election operating in the spirit of fortition or rotation can be generally good.

Fragility

An appearance of delicacy, and even of fragility, is almost essential to it [beauty].

Fraternization

I hope that no French fraternization . . . could so change the hearts of Englishmen.

Fraternize

Correspondence for fraternizing the two nations.

Frugality

Frugality is founded on the principle that all riches have limits.

Fruit

What I obtained was the fruit of no bargain.

Fuscous

Sad and fuscous colors, as black or brown, or deep purple and the like.

Gauge

The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt.

Gloom

A sullen gloom and furious disorder prevailed by fits.

grantee

His grace will not survive the poor grantee he despises.

Gravity

They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of the place where they were uttered.

Green

As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . . . the greenest usurpation.

Gross

For the gross of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of cattle.

Guise

A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than any which ever yet have overpowered the imagination.

Hackle

The other divisions of the kingdom being hackled and torn to pieces.

Hard

I never could drive a hard bargain.

Hoar

Covered with the awful hoar of innumerable ages.

Humorsome

The commons do not abet humorsome, factious arms.

Identify

Let us identify, let us incorporate ourselves with the people.
An enlightened self-interest, which, when well understood, they tell us will identify with an interest more enlarged and public.

Illicit

One illicit . . . transaction always leads to another.

Imperceptible

Its operation is slow, and in some cases almost imperceptible.

Impolitic

The most unjust and impolitic of all things, unequal taxation.

Import

I take the imports from, and not the exports to, these conquests, as the measure of these advantages which we derived from them.

Inclining

On the first inclining towards sleep.

Incoming

A full incoming profit on the product of his labor.

Incommensurable

They are quantities incommensurable.

Incurable

Rancorous and incurable hostility.

Indecision

Indecision . . . is the natural accomplice of violence.

Indecorous

It was useless and indecorous to attempt anything more by mere struggle.

Indefensible

Men find that something can be said in favor of what, on the very proposal, they thought utterly indefensible.

Indemnification

Indemnification is capable of some estimate; dignity has no standard.

Indigested

In hot reformations . . . the whole is generally crude, harsh, and indigested.

Inefficacious

The authority of Parliament must become inefficacious . . . to restrain the growth of disorders.

Inertness

Laziness and inertness of mind.

Inevitable

It was inevitable; it was necessary; it was planted in the nature of things.

Inexpiable

They are at inexpiable war with all establishments.

Inexplicable

Their reason is disturbed; their views become vast and perplexed, to others inexplicable, to themselves uncertain.

Infamously

The sealed fountain of royal bounty which had been infamously monopolized and huckstered.

Infantine

A degree of credulity next infantine.

Inferable

A sufficient argument . . . is inferable from these premises.

Inferior

The body, or, as some love to call it, our inferior nature.

Informant

It was the last evidence of the kind; the informant was hanged.

Ingraft

A custom . . . ingrafted into the monarchy of Rome.

Inimical

We are at war with a system, which, by its essence, is inimical to all other governments.

Iniquitous

Demagogues . . . bribed to this iniquitous service.

Injustice

If this people [the Athenians] resembled Nero in their extravagance, much more did they resemble and even exceed him in cruelty and injustice.

Insecurity

A time of insecurity, when interests of all sorts become objects of speculation.

Institute

They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy.

Instrumentally

They will argue that the end being essentially beneficial, the means become instrumentally so.

Insurrectionary

Their murderous insurrectionary system.

Integrant

All these are integrant parts of the republic.

Intelligencer

All the intriguers in foreign politics, all the spies, and all the intelligencers . . . acted solely upon that principle.

Intemperately

The people . . . who behaved very unwisely and intemperately on that occasion.

Intolerance

These few restrictions, I hope, are no great stretches of intolerance, no very violent exertions of despotism.

Intricate

The nature of man is intricate.

Invalidation

So many invalidations of their right.

Iota

They never depart an iota from the authentic formulas of tyranny and usurpation.

Jacobinize

France was not then jacobinized.

Joinery

A piece of joinery . . . whimsically dovetailed.

Juridic

The body corporate of the kingdom, in juridical construction, never dies.

Jurist

It has ever been the method of public jurists to draw a great part of the analogies on which they form the law of nations from the principles of law which prevail in civil community.

King

Kings will be tyrants from policy, when subjects are rebels from principle.

Latent

The evils latent in the most promising contrivances are provided for as they arise.

Law

Law is beneficence acting by rule.

Lead

At the time I speak of, and having a momentary lead, . . . I am sure I did my country important service.

Levity

The levity that is fatigued and disgusted with everything of which it is in possession.

Liberalize

To open and to liberalize the mind.

Lieu

The plan of extortion had been adopted in lieu of the scheme of confiscation.

Lopping

The loppings made from that stock whilst it stood.

Mediatorial

My measures were . . . healing and mediatorial.

Medium

A medium of six years of war, and six years of peace.

merge

To merge all natural . . . sentiment in inordinate vanity.

Middle

In this, as in most questions of state, there is a middle.

Militate

These are great questions, where great names militate against each other.

Misnomer

Many of the changes, by a great misnomer, called parliamentary “reforms”.

Mitigate

This opinion . . . mitigated kings into companions.

Muddy

Cold hearts and muddy understandings.

Mump

And then when mumping with a sore leg, . . . canting and whining.

Nose

A sort of national convention, dubious in its nature . . . nosed Parliament in the very seat of its authority.

Nothing

The influence of reason in producing our passions is nothing near so extensive as is commonly believed.

Nurse

The nurse of manly sentiment and heroic enterprise.

Occasion

When my occasions took me into France.

Officious

They were tolerably well bred, very officious, humane, and hospitable.

Order

Good order is the foundation of all good things.

Origin

This mixed system of opinion and sentiment had its origin in the ancient chivalry.

Originate

A decomposition of the whole civil and political mass, for the purpose of originating a new civil order.

pact

The engagement and pact of society which goes by the name of the constitution.

Pander

Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition.

Panegyrist

If these panegyrists are in earnest.

Peculate

An oppressive, . . . rapacious, and peculating despotism.

Peculation

Every British subject . . . active in the discovery of peculations has been ruined.

Perennial

The perennial existence of bodies corporate.

Permutation

The violent convulsions and permutations that have been made in property.

Pervade

A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism pervaded all their thoughts, words, and actions.

Premium

To think it not the necessity, but the premium and privilege of life, to eat and sleep without any regard to glory.

Privilege

A people inheriting privileges, franchises, and liberties.

Product

These institutions are the products of enthusiasm.

Prog

I have been endeavoring to prog for you.

Proof

This was a good, stout proof article of faith.

Proportionable

But eloquence may exist without a proportionable degree of wisdom.

Proselytism

They were possessed of a spirit of proselytism in the most fanatical degree.

Proselytize

One of those whom they endeavor to proselytize.

Prototype

They will turn their backs on it, like their great precursor and prototype.

Provide

Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants.

Proxy

I have no man's proxy: I speak only for myself.

Prurience

The pruriency of curious ears.

Pulse

When the ear receives any simple sound, it is struck by a single pulse of the air, which makes the eardrum and the other membranous parts vibrate according to the nature and species of the stroke.

Purchase

A politician, to do great things, looks for a power -- what our workmen call a purchase.

Quadrate

The objections of these speculatists of its forms do not quadrate with their theories.

Qualification

There is no qualification for government but virtue and wisdom, actual or presumptive.

Radical

The most determined exertions of that authority, against them, only showed their radical independence.

Rancor

It would not be easy to conceive the passion, rancor, and malice of their tongues and hearts.

Range

It would be absurd in me to range myself on the side of the Duke of Bedford and the corresponding society.

Rankle

This would have left a rankling wound in the hearts of the people.

Rare

A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the rarest things in the world.

Reasonable

Men have no right to what is not reasonable.

Recruit

The state is to have recruits to its strength, and remedies to its distempers.

Rectify

This was an error of opinion which a conflicting opinion would have rectified.

Rehabilitate

Restoring and rehabilitating the party.

Remain

When this remain of horror has entirely subsided.

Reptile

There is also a false, reptile prudence, the result not of caution, but of fear.

Retrieve

There is much to be done . . . and much to be retrieved.

Reverse

To make everything the reverse of what they have seen, is quite as easy as to destroy.

Revolt

This abominable medley is made rather to revolt young and ingenuous minds.

Riant

In such cases the sublimity must be drawn from the other sources, with a strict caution, howewer, against anything light and riant.

Rig

That uncertain season before the rigs of Michaelmas were yet well composed.

Ring

The assertion is still ringing in our ears.

Ripe

I am not ripe to pass sentence on the gravest public bodies.

Rochet

They see no difference between an idler with a hat and national cockade, and an idler in a cowl or in a rochet.

Roundabout

We have taken a terrible roundabout road.

Rumple

They would not give a dog's ear of their most rumpled and ragged Scotch paper for twenty of your fairest assignats.

Run

They who made their arrangements in the first run of misadventure . . . put a seal on their calamities.

Saber

You send troops to saber and bayonet us into submission.

Salient

He had in himself a salient, living spring of generous and manly action.

Sanguinely

I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does.

Sardonic

The scornful, ferocious, sardonic grin of a bloody ruffian.

Scope

Excuse me if I have given too much scope to the reflections which have arisen in my mind.

Sensibility

The true lawgiver ought to have a heart full of sensibility.
This adds greatly to my sensibility.

Sharpen

He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill.

Signalize

It is this passion which drives men to all the ways we see in use of signalizing themselves.

Smash

Here everything is broken and smashed to pieces.

Smithery

The din of all his smithery may some time or other possibly wake this noble duke.

Snap

But this weapon will snap short, unfaithful to the hand that employs it.

Something

We have something fairer play than a reasoner could have expected formerly.

Spatter

Upon any occasion he is to be spattered over with the blood of his people.

Stagger

Grants to the house of Russell were so enormous, as not only to outrage economy, but even to stagger credibility.

Stand

The Punic wars could not have stood the human race in less than three millions of the species.

Standard

A disposition to preserve, and an ability to improve, taken together, would be my standard of a statesman.

Stretch

They take up, one day, the most violent and stretched prerogative.

Studied

I shrewdly suspect that he is little studied of a theory of moral proportions.

Stunt

When, by a cold penury, I blast the abilities of a nation, and stunt the growth of its active energies, the ill or may do is beyond all calculation.

Style

One style to a gracious benefactor, another to a proud, insulting foe.

Subservient

Their temporal ambition was wholly subservient to their proselytizing spirit.

Substance

It is insolent in words, in manner; but in substance it is not only insulting, but alarming.

Subterfuge

By a miserable subterfuge, they hope to render this position safe by rendering it nugatory.

Subtilize

Nor as yet have we subtilized ourselves into savages.

Superficial

He is a presumptuous and superficial writer.

Supervene

A tyrany immediately supervened.

Surfeit

Matter and argument have been supplied abundantly, and even to surfeit.

Surrender

That he may secure some liberty he makes a surrender in trust of the whole of it.

Swing

To prevent anything which may prove an obstacle to the full swing of his genius.

Taunting

Every kind of insolent and taunting reflection.

Tolerate

We tolerate them because property and liberty, to a degree, require that toleration.

Tontine

Too many of the financiers by professions are apt to see nothing in revenue but banks, and circulations, and annuities on lives, and tontines, and perpetual rents, and all the small wares of the shop.

Transfer

I shall here only consider it as a transfer of property.

Transit

In France you are now . . . in the transit from one form of government to another.

Truck

Despotism itself is obliged to truck and huckster.

Turnspit

His lordship is his majesty's turnspit.

Uncivil

Men can not enjoy the rights of an uncivil and of a civil state together.

Usurp

Another revolution, to get rid of this illegitimate and usurped government, would of course be perfectly justifiable.

Valetudinary

It renders the habit of society dangerously valetudinary.

Vapid

A cheap, bloodless reformation, a guiltless liberty, appear flat and vapid to their taste.

Veer

an ordinary community which is hostile or friendly as passion or as interest may veer about.

Venal

The venal cry and prepared vote of a passive senate.

Vermin

They disdain such vermin when the mighty boar of the forest . . . is before them.

Very

I looked on the consideration of public service or public ornament to be real and very justice.

Vestige

What vestiges of liberty or property have they left?

Vicious

The title of these lords was vicious in its origin.

Vista

In the groves of their academy, at the end of every vista, you see nothing but the gallows.

Vitiate

Without care it may be used to vitiate our minds.

Vogue

Whatsoever its vogue may be, I still flatter myself that the parents of the growing generation will be satisfied with what to be taught to their children in Westminster, in Eton, or in Winchester.

Zigzag

The fanatics going straight forward and openly, the politicians by the surer mode of zigzag.